culture (181 words)

culture concept first clear definition developed by British anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Tylor – examples of species of animals that lead a social existence without culture: ants, bees therefore, society can exist without culture, but culture cannot exist without society – no member of a society has exact version of his/her culture as another – gender: the meanings cultures assign to the biological differences of the sexes -therefore, one?s sexual identity or gender is culturally constructed – gender differences are as old as human culture- about 2.5 mill. yrs. -? ? arose from biological differences – relationships between food foragers are open although both sexes usually do not carry out same tasks – subculture: a distinctive set of standards & behavior patterns that a group within a larger society operates by – example of subculture: Amish (who rely on horse for transportation as well as agriculture & have their own set of ideas dissimilar as well as similar to the society) – old-order Amish originated in Austria and Moravia during Reformation- now mainly populate Ohio, Indiana & Pennsylvania – pluralistic societies: societies that have a diversity of cultural patterns