A Research about Applied Linguistics

A Research aboutApplied Linguistics
-Done by
A. Y
K. M
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The field of appliedlanguage is really much more important than the other field like phonology phonetics . because Its helps solve a lot of problems related the application of language.
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Also scholars who have worked in applied linguistics have noted that it often deals with solving or at least ameliorating social problems involving languagestyle.visibilitystyle.visibilityppt_wppt_h
Some of the questions that applied linguists ask include:style.visibilityppt_wppt_hstyle.visibilityppt_wppt_h
Applied linguistics answers the questions such as:
– What kind of language should be the language of instruction in schools?
-What are the procedures for the choice of a language where there are many langauge? how we can have valid language tests.?
-How can languages best be learnt and taught?
– How can technology be used to contribute to the effectiveness of language teaching/learning?
– What are the related problems associated with language disorders?
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Deffinition of applied linguistics:
-many people have tried to define or describe what applied linguistics is .below is some of them:
(brume fit) opines that:(AL is the theoretical and empirical investigation of real word problems in which language is a central issue )he means by that how to teach a language? Which language should be the language of instruction?
2 (Grabe): proposes that the focus of AL is on trying to resolve language based problems that people encounter in the real world , whetherthey are learners , teachers, supervisors , academics, lawyers, services, test makers, policy developers ,dictionary markers ,translators ,or a whole range of clients
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Grabe also notes that distinguishing between what linguistics and AL are concerned with is to distinguish between theory and practice ) we can say here that applied linguistics focus more on practice how language is used how language is learned and how language is thought.

-According to Schmitt and Celce-Murcia: AL uses what we know about (a) language (b) how it is learned (c) how it is used in order to achieve some purpose or solve some problems in the real world .

To sum up, applied linguistics is a branch of linguistics which is interested mainly in language problems in terms of language use language learning and language teaching.

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The history of applied language:
-The term “applied linguistics” refers to the application of linguistics to the study and improvement of language teaching, language learning, language planning, communication between groups, translation owes is origin to US language-teaching programmers during and after the second world war. It was founded first at University of Edinburgh School of Applied Linguistics in 1956.
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By the time AL has broadened itself as to make use of many sciences in language teaching, like:{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}
Sociology
Logic
Mathematics
Computing
Translation
Psychology
Literature
Philosophy
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Aims of applied linguistics studies :
The study of second language and foreign language learning and teaching.
Investigate problems related to language learning and teaching.

To find some practical steps to solve those problems.
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-The major branches of Al:
1- Bilingualism: the ability to speak two languages.

2- Multilingualism: the ability to speak and understand several languages.

3-contrastive linguistics: a practice-orientedlinguist approach that seeks to describe the differences and similarities between a pair of languages.

4 conversation analysis: is the study of the talk produced in ordinary human interactions.

5 language pedagogy: The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.

6-language planning and policies: : is the attempt to influence how a language is used.

7-literacies: : the ability to read and writeliteracyin a sentence.

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8-lexicography: the principles and procedures involved in writing, editing, or compiling dictionaries
9-language assessment: is a field of study under the umbrella ofapplied linguistics. Its main focus is the assessment offirst,secondor other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, andasylumcontexts
10-discourse analysis: is the study of the ways in which language is used in texts and contexts.

11-translation: words that have been changed from one language into a different language: words that have been translated
12pragmatics: Thestudyoflanguageasitisusedinasocialcontext,includingitseffectontheinterlocutors
13-Communication: is a process in which human data interaction occurs through one or more networked telecommunication systems.

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*Application of language can be categorize into these three:
How language is used and that where we have society, socio linguistics, pragmatics, psycholinguistics ect …

-How language is learned language learning theories and language of position.
How language is thought
(and these three parameters summarize for us the main issues dealt with the field of applied linguistics )
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The need of applied linguistics :
The importance of AL lies in the significant role it has in solving language-related problems.

Language is crucial to human lives. Without language, most important activities will be inconceivable.
Throughout the history and across the world, people have been using language to communicate.
In our world there are many rapid changes. These changes affect how people use language.

Hence, people need to investigate and understand the facts of language use, to organize and formalize what they know and to subject their knowledge to rational consideration and critical analysis.
People will be able to set out the options for action and the reasoning behind them.
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Conclusion
AL has become an independent and mature discipline since the middle sixties of the last centry. As an applied science that has a definite goal to reach , it is interdisciplinary in nature: it seeks to apply all the related fields to foreign language education. It is process-oriented in the sense that it is intreseted not only in the product , but olso in the process of teaching.

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