Research Paper Ellen Kerr
Due to the prevalence of ADD, there has been quite a significant importance on the different treatment approaches for individuals with ADD. Some practices focus on the medical and psychophysically approach for treating ADD. There are also alternative approaches to the treatment of ADD. Others choose to combine these different approaches and practices. In the history of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, there have been a number of different ideologies as well as treatment approaches.
It appears that the first description of disorders of attention occurred in the medical textbook by Melcher Adam Weekend in German in 1775 which described adults and children who were inattentive, discreditable, lacking in persistence, overactive, ND impulsive, which is quite similar to today’s description of ADD. Weekend implied that the disorder could result from poor childrearing but also suggests some biological predispositions as well. For treatment, he recommended sour milk, plant extracts, horseback riding and even seclusion for severe cases (Barley, page 3. This seems to be the beginning of treatment using the combination of medicine as well as behavioral approaches to treat attention disorders. As far back as the year 1775, there have been practices such as horseback riding and the use of the outdoors to educe ADD symptoms. A study in the American Journal of Public Health called “A Potential Natural Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from a National Study,” concluded that green outdoor settings appear to reduce ADD symptoms in children across a wide range of individual, residential, and case characteristics (Quo, Taylor, page 1 , 2004. This study included a large random sample of children diagnosed with ADD and children diagnosed with ADD comedic with other disabilities. Parents were given a rating scale consisting of 49 survey items and asked to rate their hillier across many different settings on whether their symptoms were “much worse than usual,” “same as usual,” “better than usual,” or “much better than usual” for the hour after the outdoor activity.
Overall, the findings indicate that exposure to ordinary natural settings in the course of common aftershock and weekend activities may be widely effective in reducing attention deficit symptoms in children. In addition, the advantage for green outdoor activities held among both children with hyperactivity (I. E. , those diagnosed with ADD) and children without hyperactivity (I. E. , those assigned with attention-deficit disorder); among children with relatively mild, average, and severe symptoms; among children without comedic conditions; and among children with both ADD and learning disorders.
In 2 groups-?children with “very severe” symptoms and children with both ADD and oppositional defiant disorder-?green outdoor activities were significantly more helpful than indoor activities but not more helpful than built outdoor activities such as parking lots or man-made outdoor areas (Quo, Taylor, page 5, 2004. ) Another approach to the treatment of ADD is physical activity. A study published by the Journal Of Sport and Health Science called “Parental Perceptions of the Effects of Exercise on Behavior in Children and Adolescents with ADD,” provides evidence relevant to the potential benefits of physical activity on ADD symptoms.
Although pharmacological treatment has shown positive effects on some individuals with ADD, these interventions are not fully effective for some individuals in managing their ADD symptoms. Given that current behavioral treatments have limitations, the identification of other forms of treatment is warranted (Gaping, Tinier, page 2, 2014. This article provides evidence that parents noticed significant positive effects in the areas on inattention, hyperactivity, and academics, but not in the area of impulsively. This leads to the option of a combination of treatments.
It has been proven that medications are highly effective for most children in reducing core symptoms of ADD (American Academy of Pediatrics (PAP), page 10, 201 1 I) There are also data that suggest that other non-stimulant medications are effective in the treatment of ADD as well. One selective morphogenesis-eruptive inhibitor (atomization) and two elective adrenaline Zionists (extended-release guanidine and extended- release celandine) have also demonstrated efficacy in reducing core symptoms (PAP, page 10, 2011. Although the evidence shows a significant reduction of symptoms through pharmaceuticals, the studies also suggest that these medications be used in combination with evidence-based behavioral treatments. Behavioral parent training provides behavior- modification principles to parents for implementing in home settings. This improves compliance with parental commands. It also gives parents an understanding of behavioral principles. This treatment has a high level Of parent satisfaction (PAP, 201 1. Similar behavior-modification treatment methods are provided to teachers for classroom management as well as intervention methods for peers. In comprised studies, it has been concluded that behavioral interventions have positive effects on a range of other outcomes when used with patients with ADD. There is blinded evidence that they improve parenting and decrease childhood conduct problems (Daley, PhD, Van Deer Rood, PhD, Ferric, MD, PhD, Attendance, MD, PhD, Deepened, PhD, Cortes MD,PhD, Sonata-Barker, PhD, 2014. Although evidence-based reattempts for ADD have been proven to be effective when combined with medication, it was not a significantly more efficacious than treatment with medication alone for the core symptoms of ADD (PAP, page 12, 2011) Stimulant medication use is now recognized as gold standard evidence-based treatment for children with ADD, and there are myriad studies supporting this status (Kaplan, part 5, 2015. ) There is contradicting evidence about the effectiveness of stimulants in younger children that can be found in an article in the journal of Effective Health Care Program.
This was a study was done to ampere effectiveness and adverse events of interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial, or behavioral, and the combination of pharmacological and psychosocial or behavioral interventions) for preschoolers at high risk for ADD. They concluded that the strength of evidence for parent behavior training as first-line intervention for improved behavior among preschoolers at risk for ADD was high, while the strength of evidence for medication for improved behavior among preschoolers at risk for ADD was low.
This article does state that primary school-age children, mostly boys with ADD embodied type, showed improvements in symptomatic behavior maintained for 12 to 14 months using pharmacological agents. ((Effective Health Care Program, Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 44, page 1, 2011. ) In conclusion, research shows the significance and effectiveness of both medical and behavioral intervention for the treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
