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The Purpose Of This Paper Is To Illustrate The Events Surrounding

the end of the American Civil War. This war was a war of epic
proportion. Never before and not since have so many Americans died in
battle. The American Civil War was truly tragic in terms of human
life. In this document, I will speak mainly around those involved on
the battlefield in the closing days of the conflict. Also, reference
will be made to the leading men behind the Union and Confederate
forces.


The war was beginning to end by January of 1865. By then,
Federal (Federal was another name given to the Union Army) armies were
spread throughout the Confederacy and the Confederate Army had shrunk
extremely in size. In the year before, the North had lost an enormous
amount of lives, but had more than enough to lose in comparison to the
South. General Grant became known as the “Butcher” (Grant, Ulysses
S., Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, New York: Charles L. Webster &
Co.,1894) and many wanted to see him removed. But Lincoln stood firm
with his General, and the war continued. This paper will follow the
happenings and events between the winter of 1864-65 and the surrender
of The Confederate States of America. All of this will most certainly
illustrate that April 9, 1865 was indeed the end of a tragedy.

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CUTTING OFF THE SOUTH
In September of 1864, General William T. Sherman and his army
cleared the city of Atlanta of its civilian population then rested
ever so briefly. It was from there that General Sherman and his army
began its famous “march to the sea”. The march covered a distance of
400 miles and was 60 miles wide on the way. For 32 days no news of
him reached the North. He had cut himself off from his base of
supplies, and his men lived on what ever they could get from the
country through which they passed. On their route, the army destroyed
anything and everything that they could not use but was presumed
usable to the enemy. In view of this destruction, it is
understandable that Sherman quoted “war is hell” (Sherman, William T.,
Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood
Press, 1972). Finally, on December 20, Sherman’s men reached the city
of Savannah and from there Sherman telegraphed to President Lincoln:
“I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah, with
150 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales
of cotton” (Sherman, William T., Memoirs of General William T.


Sherman. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Press, 1972).


Grant had decided that the only way to win and finish the war
would be to crunch with numbers. He knew that the Federal forces held
more than a modest advantage in terms of men and supplies. This in
mind, Grant directed Sherman to turn around now and start heading back
toward Virginia. He immediately started making preparations to
provide assistance to Sherman on the journey. General John M.


Schofield and his men were to detach from the Army of the Cumberland,
which had just embarrassingly defeated the Confederates at Nashville,
and proceed toward North Carolina. His final destination was to be
Goldsboro, which was roughly half the distance between Savannah and
Richmond. This is where he and his 20,000 troops would meet Sherman
and his 50,000 troops.


Sherman began the move north in mid-January of 1865. The only
hope of Confederate resistance would be supplied by General P.G.T.


Beauregard. He was scraping together an army with every resource he
could lay his hands on, but at best would only be able to muster about
30,000 men. This by obvious mathematics would be no challenge to the
combined forces of Schofield and Sherman, let alone Sherman. Sherman’s
plan was to march through South Carolina all the while confusing the
enemy. His men would march in two ranks: One would travel northwest
to give the impression of a press against Augusta and the other would
march northeast toward Charleston. However the one true objective
would be Columbia.


Sherman’s force arrived in Columbia on February 16. The city was
burned to the ground and great controversy was to arise. The
Confederates claimed that Sherman’s men set the fires “deliberately,
systematically, and atrociously”. However, Sherman claimed that the
fires were burning when they arrived. The fires had been set to
cotton bales by Confederate Calvary to prevent the Federal Army from
getting them and the high winds quickly spread the fire. The
controversy would be short lived as no proof would ever be presented.


So with Columbia, Charleston, and Augusta

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