Quantitative Data Analysis Project

Quantitative Data Analysis Project 1. a) My research question is “Does the type of community you grow up in, and if your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures, have an effect on how many friends you have who are gay/lesbian? ” b) My dependent variable (DV) is “how many friends do you have who are gay/lesbian”, and my two independent variables (IV) are “type of community the respondent grew up in”, and “did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? c) I believe that these variables will accurately address my research question because if children are exposed to different cultures, (which usually all have different views and ways of life), and also grow up in a place where there are a lot of different people and cultures being expressed, then it is likely that they will be more accepting and/or aware of something such as gay and lesbian people which is not considered a social norm and vice versa with children who are not exposed to different cultures, and live in smaller towns. Statistics| Type of community respondent grew up in| Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? | About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? | N| Valid| 414| 405| 412| | Missing| 0| 9| 2| 2. For the IV “type of community respondent grew up in”, 38. 6% being the highest valid percent, said to have grown up in a small town, and growing up in a suburb of a city was the second highest valid percent at 35. 7%. Third was growing up in a rural area at 13. 3 valid percent, and lastly was growing up in a city at 12. 3 percent validity for this sample.

The next IV was “did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? ” 51. 4 valid percent responded “no”, their parents did not make a special effort to expose them to other cultures while growing up, making “yes” coming in close with 48. 6 percent validity. The DP “about how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? ”, answer “1 or 2” had the highest valid percent with 41. 7%. “3 to 5 friends who are gay or lesbian” had 24. 5 percent validity, “none” had 19. 7&, and lastly “6 or more” had 14. 1%. Frequency for: Independent Variable (IV) #1 Type of community respondent grew up in| Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| CITY| 51| 12. 3| 12. 3| 12. 3| | SUBURB OF A CITY| 148| 35. 7| 35. 7| 48. 1| | SMALL TOWN| 160| 38. 6| 38. 6| 86. 7| | RURAL AREA| 55| 13. 3| 13. 3| 100. 0| | Total| 414| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Frequency for: Independent Variable (IV) #2 Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| YES| 197| 47. 6| 48. 6| 48. 6| | NO| 208| 50. 2| 51. 4| 100. 0| | Total| 405| 97. 8| 100. 0| | Missing| don t know| 9| 2. 2| | | Total| 414| 100. 0| | |

Frequency for: Dependent Variable (DV) About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| NONE| 81| 19. 6| 19. 7| 19. 7| | 1 OR 2| 172| 41. 5| 41. 7| 61. 4| | 3 TO 5| 101| 24. 4| 24. 5| 85. 9| | 6 OR MORE| 58| 14. 0| 14. 1| 100. 0| | Total| 412| 99. 5| 100. 0| | Missing| don t know| 2| . 5| | | Total| 414| 100. 0| | | 3. The best measure of central tendency to use is mode. Mode can be described in this case, as the most occurring answer in the question that is given to the respondent. The mode for the first IV, “type of community” was a 3 which means, “small town”. 1=city, 2=suburb of a city, 3=small town, 4=rural area, 5=don’t know, and 6=refusal) The mode for the second IV “did your parents make an effort to expose you to cultures” was a 2 which stands for “no”. (1=yes, 2=no, 3=don’t know, 4=refusal) Finally the mode for the DV “about how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian” was a 2, which meant “1 or 2”. (1=none, 2=1 or 2, 3=3to 5, 4=6 or more, 5=don’t know, 6=refusal) | | Type of community respondent grew up in| Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? | About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? N| Valid| 414| 405| 412| | Missing| 0| 9| 2| Mode| 3| 2| 2| 4. After reviewing the results of these variables, my hypothesis is going to be that growing up in a small town and not being exposed to different cultures will have an effect and result in low numbers of how many friends they have who are gay or lesbian. Cross-tabulations 5. Two variable crosstab for how many friends do you have who are gay/lesbian (DV) and type of community respondent grew up in (IV#1). About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? * Type of community respondent grew up in Cross-tabulation| Count| | Type of community respondent grew up in| Total| CITY| SUBURB OF A CITY| SMALL TOWN| RURAL AREA| | About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? | NONE| 10| 32| 31| 8| 81| | 1 OR 2| 18| 65| 75| 14| 172| | 3 TO 5| 11| 34| 36| 20| 101| | 6 OR MORE| 11| 16| 18| 13| 58| Total| 50| 147| 160| 55| 412| Two variable crosstab for how many friends do you have who are gay/lesbian (DV) and did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up (IV#2). About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? * Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up?

Cross-tabulation| Count| | Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? | Total| | YES| NO| | About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? | NONE| 38| 39| 77| | 1 OR 2| 80| 88| 168| | 3 TO 5| 46| 54| 100| | 6 OR MORE| 32| 26| 58| Total| 196| 207| 403| Three variable crosstab for how many friends do you have who are gay/lesbian (DV), type of community respondent grew up in (IV#1), and did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up (IV#2). About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? Type of community respondent grew up in * Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? Cross-tabulation| Count| Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? | Type of community respondent grew up in| Total| | CITY| SUBURB OF A CITY| SMALL TOWN| RURAL AREA| | dimension1| YES| About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? | NONE| 6| 19| 9| 4| 38| | | | 1 OR 2| 10| 29| 32| 9| 80| | | | 3 TO 5| 5| 17| 16| 8| 46| | | | 6 OR MORE| 6| 10| 9| 7| 32| | | Total| 27| 75| 66| 28| 196| NO| About how many friends do you have who are gay or lesbian? | NONE| 4| 12| 20| 3| 39| | | | 1 OR 2| 8| 34| 42| 4| 88| | | | 3 TO 5| 6| 17| 19| 12| 54| | | | 6 OR MORE| 5| 6| 9| 6| 26| | | Total| 23| 69| 90| 25| 207| Chi-Square Tests| Did your parents make a special effort to expose you to other cultures when you were growing up? | Value| df| Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)| dimension0| YES| Pearson Chi-Square| 7. 827a| 9| . 552| | | Likelihood Ratio| 7. 667| 9| . 568| | | Linear-by-Linear Association| 1. 508| 1| . 219| | | N of Valid Cases| 196| | | | NO| Pearson Chi-Square| 17. 783b| 9| . 038| | Likelihood Ratio| 17. 567| 9| . 041| | | Linear-by-Linear Association| . 667| 1| . 414| | | N of Valid Cases| 207| | | a. 2 cells (12. 5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4. 41. | b. 4 cells (25. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2. 89. | 6. a) Crosstabs are extremely important for determining the relationship between variables for various amounts of reasons. First it allows us to read the information quicker and easier, it also gives a more in-depth look at two or more variables at once which is probably the most important aspect of crosstabs.

Finally, you are not able to clearly see the relationship between all your variables until you crosstab them. b) The level of measurement for my dependent and independent variables are all nominal level variables. c) There was no difference in association between variables when a bi-variate or a tri-variate crosstab is run. 7. a) Patterns that I found were when answering “yes” to exposure, no matter the type of community they were raised in, all had answered the most to having “1 or 2” friends who are gay or lesbian.

Then when answering “no” to exposure, all communities except growing up in a rural area (having 3 to 5) answered again, having only “1 or 2” friends who are gay or lesbian. Another pattern I could see was overall, in this data collection the most participants said to have been raised in a small town, and the majority of their answers fell in the “no” to exposure. Suburb of a city had the next highest participants, and the majority of them answered in the “yes” to exposure.

Rural area had then the next highest amount of participants and they answered majority “yes” to exposure, and the same with growing up in the city. Finally another pattern was when either answering “yes” or “no” to exposure, the number of friends they had who are gay or lesbian , always had the highest number saying “1 or 2”, then “3 to 5”, “none”, and lastly “6 or more”. b) The results of the cross-tabs do support my hypothesis saying that growing up in a small town, and not being exposed to other cultures growing up will affect how many friends they will have who are gay or lesbian.

What I did not expect to find was how closely “yes” or “no” would be answered in parents making a special effort to expose their children to other cultures when growing up, or how frequent no matter the community type they were raised in, having only “1 or 2” friends who are gay or lesbian. c) I feel that there are really close numbers in many of the statistics, resulting in a strong enough association to further investigate why more children who live in cities, and did have exposure to other cultures do not have more friends who are gay or lesbian.

It could be done using our sample, and testing other independent variables such as parent’s income, education level, views, and then the participant’s views, education level, and possible involvement on campus. 8. Overall my findings are as follows; at the micro level of social organization is the CMU students/participants, and whether or not they were exposed to any cultures while growing up. The mezzo level of social organization would be the type of community that the CMU student grew up in, and the macro level of social organization is how many friends do the participants have who are gay or lesbian.

Seeing that the majority of the sample taken of CMU students were raised in a small town, leaves us to assume from the statistical findings that there were more children not exposed to other cultures rather than exposed to them, leaving them with a lesser amount of friends who are gay or lesbian. These findings can affect the way we feel our students on campus feel or act towards the LGBT (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transvestite) community, assuming since not exposed, they might not be accepting of something that is still out of the cultural norm.

Not only would we assume from most growing up in a small town, but most no matter being exposed, and their community they grew up in, answered to having only “1 or 2” friends who are gay or lesbian. Hopefully if we looked at their involvement on campus, it would tell us that most are not as involved, therefore not being exposed to more LGBT here on campus, resulting in not meeting/making new friends who are LGBT.