Animal Science 100

2/16/14
 Objectives
•? Energy ANSC 100: Nutrients •? Digestion •? Feed identification (lab)
Dr. Tara L. Felix [email protected] 130 ASL•? Nutrients •? Evaluating feeds/lab analysis •? Feed calculationsNutrients
•? 6 major classes
1.? Water (H2O) 2.? Carbohydrates (CxH2xOx) 3.? Proteins (CxHyOx + N) 4.? Fats and oils (C6xH12xOx) 5.? Minerals 6.? VitaminsWater
•? “the most essential nutrient” •? Plants: ___70-90_______% •? Animal tissues: ____40-75____%Sources of Water
•? 3 from animal nutrition standpoint:
1.? Drinking water 2.? Water from feedstuffs 3.? Metabolic waterO2+CH20-­?>
 energy
 and
 H2O
 1
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 That depends…
•? Factors affecting water needs
–? –? –? –? –? Dry matter intake (DMI) Moisture of the feed Ambient temperature Stage of production Sodium intakeExample
•? Dairy formula: Water needed = 4.2 + (0.19 x DMI) + (0.108 x lbs of milk) + (0.374 x oz of NaCl) + (0.06 x min. temp. F°)Functions of water
1.? Transporting nutrients 2.? Maintenance of cell shape 3.? Biochemical reactions (more examples later) 4.? Regulation of body temperature 5.? Lubrication 6.? Aqueous environment for enzyme activityNutrients
•? 6 major classes
1.? Water (H2O) 2.? Carbohydrates (CxH2xOx) 3.? Proteins (CxHyOx + N) 4.? Fats and oils (C6xH12xOx) 5.? Minerals 6.? VitaminsCarbohydrates
•? Chemical structure of carbs •? C:H:O (1:2:1)Carbohydrates
•? Typically 70 – 75% of animal rations •? Plant-based diets
–? Sugars –? Starch –? Fiber –? Pectin•? Example: glucose a? C6H12O62
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 Classifications of Carbs
•? Monosaccharides
–? Fructose, glucose, galactosePlant cells•? Disaccharides
–? Sucrose (glucose + fructose) –? Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Glucose
  HemicelluloseCell WallLignin Cellulose•? Polysaccharides (oligo)
–? Starch –? Cellulose –? Etc.Sucrose
 Uniqueness of Ruminants
•? Digestion of cellulose •? In the…